1990年《澳门皇冠赌场平台》(ADA)
根据美国残疾人协会, an individual with a 残疾 is defined as a person who: (1) has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more life activities; (2) has a record of such impairment; or (3) is regarded as having such impairment. 主要的生活活动包括但不限于走路, 看到, 听力, 说话, 呼吸, 学习, 工作, 照顾好自己, 执行手工任务.
The ADA prohibits discrimination solely on the basis of 残疾 in employment, 公共服务, 和住宿. The person in consideration must be otherwise qualified for the job, program, or service.
ADA详细说明了管理需求, 申诉程序, and the consequences for non-compliance related to both 服务 and employment. 《澳门皇冠赌场平台》要求提供合理的, effective accommodations for eligible students across educational activities and settings.
1973年康复法案第504条
1973年的康复法案第504条禁止在项目中基于残疾的歧视, 公营及私营, 接受联邦财政援助. Section 504 includes institutions regardless of whether they have open door, 有选择性的, 或者竞争性招生实践.
根据1964年《澳门皇冠赌场平台》第七章，残疾人享有同样的法律救济, 1991年修订. 因此, 受到歧视的个人可以向有关联邦机构投诉或向联邦法院起诉. Enforcement 年龄ncies encour年龄 informal mediation and voluntary compliance.
这些法律如何适用于高等教育
1990年的《澳门皇冠赌场平台》(ADA)和1973年的《澳门皇冠赌场平台》第504条旨在确保学院和大学在招聘时不受歧视, 入学, 以及学生的待遇.
在这两项法律的应用中, students with disabilities must be qualified to participate in University activities. 合格的残疾学生是指符合入学要求和项目或服务的基本资格要求的学生, 有或没有:
- 修改:规则、政策或程序的修改;
- removal of architectural, communication, or transportation barriers;
- 提供辅助设备和服务.
对自己的健康或安全或他人的健康或安全构成直接威胁的个人将不被视为合格.
The law requires higher education institutions to ensure that all 项目, 服务, or facilities are accessible to or usable by persons with disabilities. 法律不要求:
- 在替代方案有效的情况下，使每个设施无障碍;
- 改变:节目或服务的根本改变;
- 不当的财政或行政负担.
The University is under no obligation to change academic requirements which the University, 项目, or majors can demonstrate are essential to the program of instruction or to any direct licensing requirement.
大学不需要提供个人服务员, 单独规定的设备, 读者个人使用或学习, 或其他个人性质的设备或服务, 例如家教或打字(美国民权办公室), 7月, 2002).
该机构必须提供辅助帮助，以确保学生参与大学课程和活动，并必须为合格的残疾学生的学术参与提供便利. 机构不得:
- 限制接纳残疾学生的人数;
- make pre-入学 inquiries as to whether or not an applicant has a 残疾;
- use 入学 tests or criteria that inadequately measure the academic level of visually impaired, 听力受损, or otherwise disabled applicants because special provisions were not made for them;
- exclude students with disabilities from any course of study solely on the basis of their 残疾;
- counsel students with disabilities towards a more restrictive career than non-disabled students, unless such counsel is based on strict licensing or certification requirements in a profession;
- measure student achievement using modes that adversely discriminate against students with disabilities;
- 制定可能对残疾学生的表现产生不利影响的禁止性规定(例如禁止使用录音机或其他辅助设备);
- select a site or a facility that would exclude participation of persons with disabilities.
The law does not require special treatment of students with disabilities, but does require that students be given the opportunity for equal 参与 the University’s 项目. 这是通过向符合条件和合格的学生提供适当的学术调整和必要的辅助帮助来实现的，以促进学生尽可能充分地参与大学的学术课程.
